Pop Music free essay sample

Its the weekly potash. Im Terry Lam. Today Im going to talk about pop music In the 21st Century. Basically, pop music Is short for popular music and nowadays, there are many different countries In the world are doing pop music Like Britain, America, Korea, Japan, Africa and China, and among all of these countries, recently the most famous pop music country is Korea and Japan which is called K- pop and J-pop and they are very popular through the whole world. In pop music, guitar is the most used instrument and also other types of guitars like bass, acoustic ND electric guitar.And there are other instruments such as piano, keyboard, drums, organs, synthesizers, brass, percussion, strings and vocals. Most pop music is doing in bands and some are doing in single. The characteristics of pop music are usually repetitive and it goes In a sort of pattern, It also encourages dancing as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Pop Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Before, folk music was most common musical form for all classes of people, but since the mild-sasss pop music has been Identified as the music and the musical styles that are accessible to the widest audience.This means the music that sells the most popes, draws the largest concert audiences, and is played most often on the radio. There are many people are doing pop music, and the age of people who are doing it are very wide, like in Korea, a group called Girls Story. They are the youngest ever pop music group with an average age of below 10, and they have already released their own album. And there is another band in Britain called The Simmers. The oldest member was born In 1913, and he has died two years ago which he was already 98 years old.In Britain, there are quite a lot famous pop singers Like one direction, Carrey Rae Jeeps, Justine Bibber, Iranian, Kathy Perry and etc These singers are all very popular in 2012. They have all released their own NV on Youth and their NV have got over a hundred thousand views. So lets talk about K-pop which is Korean pop music. K-pops popularity is keep increasing in these few years. In 2012 summer in July, a singer called sys had released a song called Kananga Song and this song is very famous in every single country around the world including UK because of his horse dance and funny music video.In addition, he has live performances in various places such as Japan, Korea, hind, America and Paris. It the January 2013, his music video has been viewed over 1. 2 billion on Youth and he has broken the record of Justine Bribers Baby and also the Guinness World record Music influences peoples mind: and these can be both positive and negative joyful song, they would have a cheerful and happy mood but when they are listening to a slow and sad song, they would become sad and emotional as well. In the past decades, teenagers love pop music and they love to learn from it like raping and dancing.It has become an important part in their daily lives. Teenagers could also learn more vocabulary or even other foreign languages from the music. However, some type of pop music has involved some slang or swearword in it which are not a proper language and they are not good for children to learn. In this 21st century, the majority of people are listening to pop music but there are still loads of people prefer listening to classical music instead of pop music. But for me, I like both pop music and classical music. This is the end of this weekly potash. See you next week, bye bye! Pop Music free essay sample Nearly every person In society today has some kind of music that they listen to dally, but most do not realize how much they are missing out on. Most people today follow what music Is popular and what everyone else Is listening to, which only consists of a couple of different genres and a list of musical artists that sound nearly the same, who have One-Halt Wonders on the popular charts.Although nearly everyone in todays society has some kind of love for music, most people are missing out on the full experience due to either the lack of understanding and knowledge, or the fear of trading away from what is popular, to discover new musical frontiers. Many people, especially teenagers would put up an argument defending why they believe that popular music is the best music out there.They would defend Pop music with reasons such as, that they can dance to the music, the artists are rich and famous, and that the artists are seen as cool, or simply the fact that they dont care that much abo ut It, all they like is the beat and tune of the songs. We will write a custom essay sample on Pop Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Musical artists today are seen as many of todays pop-culture Influences and are looked up to by any teens and young adults. Music Is one of the most discussed topics, and many find that by listening to popular music, It allows them to fit In, and share something In common with everyone else.Artists In todays music scene should become popular based on their own talent, and many fans will put up their best arguments to explain why their favorite is popular, such as, My favorite artist, (Insert any random pop artist here), is way better than the stuff you listen to, they have such talent with their lyrics and music, you just wouldnt understand it (Any Pop Listener, 2013). There is a large percentage of people who only listen to music, because they enjoy the tune or beat of the song, and not as much about the songs meaning or lyrics, which can be understandable.Although it can easily be argued that there are some talented artists who are very popular, that artist usually only has one or two songs that have been hits, then after their songs arent popular anymore, the artist becomes forgotten and lost In the sea of talent outside of Pop music. Most of the arguments defending Pop music all come from Ignorance and lack of understanding on the fans part. Most of todays Pop artists are nearly talents due to the fact that most of them do not write their own music or lyrics, they pay another artist who actually has musical knowledge. In fact, what teens and young adults are too young to realize, is that about half the songs on todays Pop charts have a sample or part of another song, bought, so that the Pop artist can use it in their own song. There is a list of songs that can be named that have been on the Pop charts recently that have taken parts from songs from the sasss and sasss. Some, if not all artists n the Top 10 chart dont really write their own lyrics, and dont know how to play any instruments or have any knowledge of it to be able to write their own songs.Artists today are very often taken as a people who are seen as attractive or cool, and are put as the cover person for music, because the Industry knows that the person will attract fans due to the way that person looks. Pop artists In todays society are seen to fortune, but these artists are not people that society should be looking up to. If anyone were to look up the lyrics or actual meaning to many Pop songs, they would cost likely be astonished. Pop songs today are usually written on subjects such as: disrespecting women, drugs, partying, alcohol, and the artist bragging about how rich they are. Artists like these should not be role models, especially to the newer generations of teens and young adults. If society were to directly follow the influence of todays Pop artists, social structure would fall apart completely. If people were to take a step back, and look outside the pool of Pop music, they might find that there is a sea of talent in many other genres. A good example of that s found in todays Hard Rock and Metal genres of music. Many people today are too ignorant to try giving Metal music a chance, due to the fact that it is seen as scary and unacceptable.People think that metal music is evil, because of the way that it sounds at some times and the way the bands look. The reality of metal music is that the lyrics are motivational and inspiring, and the hardcore look and sound is to get people moving and create a unique style. Unlike Pop music artists, most metal artists are generally very talented, write all of their own music, play at least one instrument, ND are very well mannered people outside of the studio.Metal artists express true feeling and emotion throughout every one of their songs, whether the emotion is love, anger, confusion or even telling a story of a life experience. Some of the most hardcore bands in the music industry may not seem like it, but write some of the most beautiful, inspiring lyrics of any songs out there, that could never be found in Pop music. Such as the Hardcore Metal band, Of Mice Men. Proud of who you raised up. You know that I will always be here till the end. Come back so I can say hank you for this. Home cooked meals and a place to rest.My troubled head when {Oer away. Vive passed the test, Vive earned an A. Not Just in school, but in life. Youll always be right by my side to help me show hope to all that are lost and sick in this dying world. Ill use the love you left behind. Ill change their minds, Ill change their minds. I hope, I hope you smile when you look down on me. I hope you smile. : Second and Severing by Of Mice Men) Front-man of the band, Austin Carlisle, rote the lyrics of this song for his Mother who had passed away while the band was cording their first debut album.The song sounds like a crazy, scary, hardcore song, but when listening to the lyrics, the meaning completely changes. Although the singer is screaming the lyrics to the song at the top of his lungs, the raw emotion and power behind the lyrics can easily be felt, and it is enough to inspire anyone. Irish is only one of many examples of how metal music can motivate and inspire people. Stories and letters of how metal music has motivated people to keep going and saved their lives are all over the internet already. Music artists like these should be looked up to, rather than Pop music artists. In todays world nearly every person has love for some kind of music, but not all people are willing to stray away from the barrier that is Pop music, due to either lack of understanding or fear of being different than everyone else. People should have an open mind when it comes to music, and should find a genre that truly fits them as person and makes them a better person. Everyone should look up to those with good moral values and be inspired by artists who are like them as people. Pop Music free essay sample Who sang at the Grammas in Spanish in the late sass? What was the reaction? * Risky martin made the audience go crazy with a great performance. 2. When did Latin music burst back on the scene? What song brought It back to the mainstream? What effect did it have? * Conga by the Miami Sound Machine was a Cuban American band with an amazing beat. Everyone seemed to love the new sound. 3. How did the sounds of salsa change? * The sounds of salsa changed to grab the Interest of a new generation raised on Jazz, rock n roll, etc. In other words, It was Incorporated with pop. What was the Influence of CBS Latin division on the explosion of Latin music In the US? * With Its momentum lost after the 9/1 1 cancellation, the Latin Grammas struggled even more In the ratings. The televised ceremony gave up on the English-speaking audience and moved to Envision in 2005. We will write a custom essay sample on Pop Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Latin pop stars Risky Martin and Marc Anthony began issuing albums in Spanish. 5. Who were some of the artists who brought together Latin influenced music with mainstream pop music? * Artists like Risky Martin, Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony, Shakier, etc. All influenced Latin music with mainstream pop. 6.Why did the Latin sic influence decrease? * The Latin music influence trend faded over the years, but that did not stop Latino from producing top hits. 7. What was Regnant? * Regnant has an irrepressible blend of tropical Latin and reggae rhythms. Today many of the most popular regnant artists come from Puerco Rice, but you couldnt keep this music from sailing out to the rest of the world. 8. What other types of music are being influenced by Latin music? Pop Music free essay sample For Information on specific research collections: Sheet music and Broadsides Rare books Sound recordings Periodicals Reading room collection Archives Music Trade Catalogs Posters Playbills and Programs Photographs Background: The Centers collection documents the diversity of American music. We take as our starting point the European and African origins of American culture, selecting items which document the music of our national vernacular culture.From the 1 8th to early 20th century music was disseminated largely in printed form: sheet music, songsters, roadsides, instrumental instruction books and song anthologies. After 1 920 recorded sound gained dominance. The Centers collection reflects this change In the communication of music. The Center recognizes the interplay between musical styles in American culture by providing study-level collections In all genres.Rather than duplicating the collection depth in specialized archives, the Center strives to support local research needs in all genres while providing research-level collections In specific areas: rock roll and Its tots, the various forms of vernacular religious music, and music of Tennessee and the Southeast. We will write a custom essay sample on Pop Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The key element supporting the study of rock is a sound recordings collection strong in blues, rhythm and blues, early rock, mainstream rock from the sass to the present, and alternative rock.The Center also has extensive holdings of rock periodicals as well as biographical, historical and critical books. Research In vernacular religious music Is supported through a collection of approximately 2600 scores, including southern gospel songbooks, 19th century oblong songbooks, New England hymned, shape note music, Sunday school songs, Negro spirituals, African-American gospel and denominational hymnals.Our collection of southern gospel songbooks Is thought to be the largest Institutional collection held by a non-religious repository. The Centers sound recording collections is also deep in various African-American traditions, contemporary Christian music and southern gospel. In addition to commercial issues, the Center has approximately 100 hours of original field recordings of African-American religious music.The Centers collection of Tennessee and southeastern materials recognizes that Ragtime, Jazz, blues, Anglo- and African-American folk music, country, gospel and rock have all flourished within Tennessee. The music business of Tennessee has long been an important segment of Tennessee economy. In addition to Nashville, the cities of Memphis, Knoxville, Bristol, Chattanooga, Cleveland and Lawrencium have played significant roles in music publishing, broadcasting and recording. The Centers collection documents these business activities as well as musical ones. Pop Music free essay sample Pop music in the 21st Century Hello! Everyone, It’s the weekly podcast. I’m Terry Lam. Today I’m going to talk about pop music in the 21st Century. Basically, pop music is short for popular music and nowadays, there are many different countries in the world are doing pop music like Britain, America, Korea, Japan, Africa and China, and among all of these countries, recently the most famous pop music country is Korea and Japan which is called K-pop and J-pop and they are very popular through the whole world. In pop music, guitar is the most used instrument and also other types of guitars like bass, acoustic and electric guitar. And there are other instruments such as piano, keyboard, drums, organs, synthesizers, brass, percussion, strings and vocals. Most pop music is doing in bands and some are doing in single. The characteristics of pop music are usually repetitive and it goes in a sort of pattern, it also encourages dancing as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Pop Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Before, folk music was most common musical form for all classes of people, but since the mid-1950s pop music has been identified as the music and the musical styles that are accessible to the widest audience. This means the music that sells the most copies, draws the largest concert audiences, and is played most often on the radio. There are many people are doing pop music, and the age of people who are doing it are very wide, like in Korea, a group called Girls’ Story. They are the youngest ever pop music group – with an average age of below 10, and they have already released their own album. And there is another band in Britain called The Zimmers. The oldest member was born in 1913, and he has died two years ago which he was already 98 years old. In Britain, there are quite a lot famous pop singers like one direction, Carley Rae Jepson, Justin Bieber, Rihanna, Katy Perry and etc†¦ These singers are all very popular in 2012. They have all released their own MV on YouTube and their MV have got over a hundred thousand views. So let’s talk about K-pop which is Korean pop music. K-pop’s popularity is keep increasing in these few years. In 2012 summer in July, a singer called psy had released a song called Gangnam Song and this song is very famous in every single country around the world including UK because of his horse dance and funny music video. In addition, he has live performances in various places such as Japan, Korea, china, America and Paris. It the January 2013, his music video has been viewed over 1. 2 billion on YouTube and he has broken the record of Justin Bieber’s ‘Baby’ and also the Guinness World record Music influences people’s mind; and these can be both positive and negative influences. It can affect the mood of teenagers. When they are listening to a fast and joyful song, they would have a cheerful and happy mood but when they are listening to a slow and sad song, they would become sad and emotional as well. In the past decades, teenagers love pop music and they love to learn from it like raping and dancing. It has become an important part in their daily lives. Teenagers could also learn more vocabulary or even other foreign languages from the music. However, some type of pop music has involved some slang or swearword in it which are not a proper language and they are not good for children to learn. In this 21st century, the majority of people are listening to pop music but there are still loads of people prefer listening to classical music instead of pop music. But for me, I like both pop music and classical music. This is the end of this weekly podcast. See you next week, bye bye!

White culture essays

White culture essays In Adam Cornfords essay from 1997 Colorless All-Color: Notes on White Culture, the author makes the argument that white culture is more of an attitude and a set of ideas than a culture that has a long history and is based in race and customs. To make this argument Cornford applies the rhetorical tactics of Logos and Ethos but seems to ignore Pathos. You cannot use the traditional meaning of culture, which is an independent body of language, belief, behavior, rituals, and other factors, when you talk about white culture. There are so many people lumped under the term white and they all have their own traditional cultures that one does not apply to the entire group. The history of being white goes back to the sixteen hundreds when the classification was used to determine who could own African slaves in the English Atlantic colonies. In the United State today many groups are said to have a certain whiteness including all Europeans and culturally assimilated groups such as Asians and some middle class and light skinned Latinos and Africa Americans. In reality American whiteness is a variation of the work ethic and idea that money and material possessions are all that matters which came from the Protestant ideas of the merchant classes of England, Holland, and Germany. So the white culture is based purely on capitalism and the soci al classes that it creates and has no cultural aspects that are unique or original. White culture is defined by its insipidness and fakeness. Especially in the workplace white culture demands that people be polite, cheerful, sensually numb, unendingly busy, and they must take everything thrown at them with a smile. Whiteness is the acceptance of the sacrifice of ones individuality and personal flare all in the pursuit of money and power, which is supposed to make them happy. The rhetoric tools of logos and ethos are used effectively throughout Cornfords essay....

Human Trafficking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Trafficking - Essay Example They are forced to work at factories, farm lands, as domestic servants and even beggars. These labours are physically and sexually exploited. Migrants, economically disadvantaged people, disillusioned teenagers, and drug addicts, abducted and abandoned children fall in trap of these traffickers and are forced into sex trade. The victims of this abuse suffer psychologically and physically .After they are rescued it becomes really difficult for them to begin life afresh. They carry trauma associated with this abuse throughout their life .It is not easy for them to regain social acceptance .The children rescued from traffickers suffer depression, anxiety attacks and psychological disorders and most of them grow up into adults with criminal tendency. Women rescued suffer with various sexually transmitted diseases, other untreated medical problems and lasting threat against self and family, or even death. In many countries, the trafficking industry is a very well organised market with som etimes top officials and politicians also involved .This gives traffickers a chance to fend them from law and continue their business.

Xerox Corporation Case Study 03066 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Xerox Corporation Case Study 03066 - Essay Example One of the major and unexpected cases was of Xerox Inc., a huge reputed global technology entity. It was reported that the company practiced creative accounting techniques to manipulate its performance during the period from 1997 to 2000. Considering the case, below presented is a critical review of the case via investigating the underlying matter deeply with its circumstances and consequences. The discussion will be an effort of aligning and comparing case evidences with the defined code of conduct in the regard by authorities and authentic literature of the underlying discipline. Being a global entity in document technology business, Xerox inc., is known for quality and innovation in the field (Mui, 2012). Founded in 1906, Xerox is currently working with around 140000 employees, 12000 active patents and reported $19.5 Billion revenue for the year 2014 (Xerox, 2015). The company got entangled in an accounting scandal for the period of 1997-2000 by SEC. At that time, company’s worth was 92,500 employees, 87th rank in Fortune 500 and reported $18.7 billion sales for the year 2000 (Jessup, & Nance, 2011). Known for innovation in document technology, Xerox deals in a variety of products and services related to the digital documentation measures (Xerox, 2014). The portfolio of the company holds mainly ranges of printing devices, scanning machines, communication devices, publishing systems (Jessup, & Nance, 2011) and a wide range of offered outsource services as well (Girod, Alter, Harris and Junglas, 2011). Claiming to be the leader in document technology, Xerox admits the volatile nature of its business due to the association with the ever-changing technology. Girod, Alter, Harris, and Junglas, (2011) suggest that technology businesses work under high pressures of current competitive scenario. Slow paced innovation, technologically outdated products,

Discharge Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discharge Planning - Essay Example Brown has been leaving a lonely life and in isolation. Supporting Mr. Brown to resume the normal physiological and mental functioning states requires that several people take part in maintaining, promoting and evaluating health care. The significance of health care practitioners is to ensure that quality and continuous health care is accorded to the patient regardless of the environment. The medical history of Mr. Brown reveals that he has had several cardiac diseases some which required surgical treatment. He suffered from hypertension which is basically a condition in which there is sustained high blood pressure in the arteries due to increased heart rate and cardiac stimulation. Ischemia heart disease is the occlusion of the coronary arteries due to fatty deposits limiting oxygen supply to the cardiac muscles and cells while coronary bypass is surgery performed to create a new path for blood flow to the heart muscles. Chronic heart failure is also cardiovascular condition whereby the cardiac function reduces significantly, the heart muscles weaken and there is reduced cardiac output. This is seen to be the complication of other cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease and hypertension that form the medical history of Mr. Brown. Discharge planning; this is a usual feature in health care service provision system whereby patient needs are determined for an effective hospital-home transition with the aim of shortening hospitalization, preventing hospital readmissions and stepping up the coordination of home based health care services. A discharge plan also acts as a link between the hospital and the place of patient discharge unified by the common interest of providing quality continuous care. During discharge a number of people are involved, the doctor, nurse, social worker, patients significant others and the patient himself take an active part. In this group of people each individual plays a specific part in promoting

Relationship Between Staff Motivation and Performance

Relationship Between Staff Motivation and Performance INTRODUCTION Shortages can be a symptom of demotivation, poor management and lack of organizational support (Zurn et al., 2005). Shortages are resulting in heavy workload, which is a precursor to job stress, and burnout, which have also been linked to low job motivation. Nurses job motivation is an elusive concept, which is defined within its extrinsic and intrinsic values (Cowin, 2002). Extrinsic values encompass the tangible aspects of the job including wages, benefits and bonuses, whereas intrinsic values include status, recognition, personal and professional development opportunities, and other similar factors (Cowin, 2002). Reasons for nurse demotivation have been well documented in the nursing literature. Such reasons include lack of involvement in decision-making, poor relationship with management, low salaries and poor benefits, lack of job security, poor recognition and lack of flexibility in scheduling (Albaugh,2003). Nurse demotivation has been also linked to emotional exhaustion and b urnout, Which can affect patient outcomes (Aiken et al., 1997). Furthermore Shields Ward (2001) and Tzeng (2002) has also stated that improper motivation is a primary predictor of nurses intent to leave (Shields Ward, 2001; Tzeng, 2002). A study conducted in the United States presented evidence showing that demotivated nurses were 65% more likely to have intent to leave compared to the motivated counterparts (Shields Ward, 2001). Other predictors of intent to leave vary from other motivation factors like low salaries and fringe benefits, inflexible work schedule (Coomber Barriball, 2007; Hayes et al, 2006), career advancement prospects (Tzeng, 2002, Rambur et al., 2003), in addition to poor management and job stress (Rambur et al., 2003). Nurses turnover is linked to situational factors (Larrabee et al., 2003) such as low levels of motivation (Tzeng, 2002). It is worth noting that improper motivation has also been found to be a better predictor of intent to leave as compared to the avail ability of other employment opportunities (Shields Ward, 2001; Purani Sahadev 2007). A study by El-Jardali et al. (2007) also found a negative correlation between motivation and intention to leave in Lebanese nurses. Their studys main objective was to examine the impact of motivation as a predictor variable on intention to leave used as dependent variable in the study. The finding of the study reveals that the main cause of the dissatisfaction and hence intention to leave was negatively associated with hospitals motivation schemes such as compensation and incentives (extrinsic rewards). Purani and Sahadev (2007) used motivation with multi-faceted construct as predictor variable and examine its impact on intention to leave among the nurses in India. Assuming one of the role as interaction and communication with clients and patient of both profession is common, their study also used experience as moderating variables to examine how working experience could affect motivation and inte ntion to leave relationship. Purani and Sahadev (2007) found that employees with long stay at workplace had higher level of motivation and would not incline to quit. Their finding also suggested that motivation and intention to leave relationship framework must also have other demographic variables consideration into the model of motivation and intention to leave. Pearson and Chong (1997) also examined the impact of job content and job information on motivation among Malaysian nurses in large public sector hospital. They found that job information is stronger predictor to nurses motivation and therefore argued that intrinsic factors such as job information and organization commitment also influence nurses motivation. However, they did recommend that motivation with information cues available to nurses are crucial to determine nurses motivation which may lead to intent to leave or higher job burnout, if not available. Tzeng (2002) examined the impact of working motivational factors a s well as job satisfaction factors as independent variables on nurses intention to leave in cross-sectional study in Taiwan. He found that low levels of motivation, emotional exhaustion and burnout and to the poor social image of the nursing profession influenced nurses intention to leave in Taiwans hospitals. This study therefore, suggested that motivation is a multi-faceted construct and should have both intrinsic as well as extrinsic factors to measure job satisfaction (Tzeng, 2002). HOW MOTIVATION AFFECTS EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE The extent to which employees are motivated in their work depends on how well those employees are able to provide output in their job. Motivation is expected to have a positive effect on quality performance. Employees who are characterized by a high level of motivation show a higher work and life satisfaction. Having a high level of motivation is therefore in itself valuable for employees and a decrease in motivation might affect employees negatively. The motivation leads to high level of initiative and creativity from the employee and where monitoring is difficult, motivation is therefore extremely important for ensuring high quality performance. In Armco Health Center, the quality of employee performance is measured by three individual measures of employee performance. The first measure of the individual performance items is a self-rating measure of employee performance through a program called SAP. The performance of the employee asks to indicate eight-points scale how well the em ployee is doing the job. The second measure of the performance of the Armco Health Center is the extent to which the nurses are willing to conduct tasks that are not part of their job description. The employees are asked to report on the SAP about their willingness to perform additional tasks that are not expected from them regularly and to think constructively about how the organization they work for could be proved. Last item that measure the performance of the nurses are the number of days they were absent. EMPOWERMENT AND STAFF MOTIVATION Nursing is increasingly broad in scope and encompasses an ever widening range of work behaviors and role responsibilities. However, they work within a climate of uncertainty and disempowerment along with high organizational demands placing them under considerable stress (1,2). This condition threatens both physical and emotional wellbeing of nurses and the profession itself and may results to low nurses commitment which in turn may contribute to disengagement or withdrawal of nurses from their organizations (3,4). Consequently, threatens organizational functioning and the quality care, since low nurses commitment leads to absenteeism or poor performance (5). However, the nurses low commitment is being a problem in many countries, Aiken et al(6) have cautioned that the health care workforce faces the serious risk of losing one in five registered nurse for reasons other than retirement. Supportively, several other studies revealed that the turnover rate for hospital registered nurse is among the highest rates found for professional and technical occupational groups (7,8). In addition, in 2002 the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) recorded that current annual registered nurse turnover rates range from 18% to 26% (9). Moreover, Victorian Governmental Department of Human Services Research suggests that at low levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, retention of nursing staff is difficult and this in turn increases absenteeism (10). The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, like many other countries is also suffering from nursing low commitment which evidenced by registered nurses high turnover rate and resignation(11). However, some national studies and articles highlighted that governmental sectors in Riyadh city were suffering for many years from high turnover rate of nurses that reached to 70% in some hospitals and resulted in high nurses shortage (12,13) . Along with working condition, salary, nursing disempowerment and uncertainty being cited to explain why the nurses exhibit poor work performance or uncommitted to their organization. In a research conducted by Attree (17) that studies the relationship between nurses perception regarding their control and governance , revealed that registered nurse were dissatisfied with their governance, perceived lack of control over their everyday practice and commented on a popular perception that they had become disempowered , lacked influence and asserted that they have fairly little power. Its the managers and physicians who have the power, not nurses. Both managers and physicians decided, told and expected from the nurse to just get on with it, without discussion, or negotiation. As Salvage (18), nurses may see themselves as skilled practitioners, but the public still clings to its old image of the nurse as the doctors handmaiden. This indicates that nurses are not powerless due to lack in competence, motivation, and/or information, but because lack of awareness and enabling system and structure. Foser and Hoggett (19) termed this situation as a Do more with less culture where rhetoric is designed to empower the exhausted workers by emphasizing their commitment to organizational goals . However, disparity between the nurses desired and perceived autonomy and control over daily job activities interferes with nurses attempts to perform according to their expectations as professionals and may contribute to disengagement and withdrawal from the profession of nursing (17). Parallel to this is the national view of nursing in Saudi culture. Abu- Zinada (11,20) stated in many articles that the nurses were disempowered, and have a feeling of uncertainty. In contrast, she saw that the nurse has the right to make decisions that are separate of the physician ones. Moreover, Al-morshed (21) considered that the nurses were not assistants to the physician or that their role is limited to giving injection or helping a patient, since the nursing is a science before everything. Thus, creating conditions that foster a sense of empowerment in healthcare settings are critical to both employee wellbeing and organizational success(22) . For employee well-being, empowerment offers opportunities for learning, development, and playing a more active role in operational decisions through the personal development and involvement in decision making. As a result, employees can sense their feelings of self-worth, meaningfulness, job satisfaction and morale that result from their contributions and control or autonomy over their work. Additionally, empowerment is essential for enhancing nurses role, strengthening the professional image, and continuously improving the healthcare system. It allows the nurses to perform in a professional manner by being more autonomous, responsible and participative (23). For organizational success, many hospitals uses the concept of empowerment as a retention strategies to improve nurses commitment by fostering the desire not to leave the organization for selfish interests or marginal gains, and increase willingness to work by making personal sacrifice, performing beyond normal expectations , endure difficult times with an organization and increasing acceptance of organizations values and goals . As a consequence, nurses will be less burned-out and more engaged in their work and will contribute to organizational effectiveness (24). Although, the concept of empowerment is frequently used in health services and in nursing ,particularly in relation to the quality of care, since the mission of nursing is to provide safe and quality nursing care thereby enabling patients to achieve their maximum level of wellness(25). Also empowerment play a significant role in the management of job stress and job satisfaction as well as in nurse attraction and retention ( 26). Hence, creating healthy work conditions that empowered nurses and provide freedom to act according to their expectation as a professional, may be a fruitful strategy for nurse managers and administrators to retain nurses who currently work by promoting their commitment to the organization, especially in a critical care settings. Nowadays, many seek power but few possess it. Nurses are not exception (Marquis and Huston, 2000). In health care settings, an unequal power base exists among administrator, physicians, and nurses as a result of the competing goals of administration and the coexistence of multiple lines of authority (Sabiston and Laschinger, 1995). The rigidity of hierarchical rule-bound structures has been specifically blamed for nurses inability to sufficiently control the content of their practice (Laschinger and Havens, 1996). Kanter (1993) proposed that an individuals effectiveness on the job is influenced largely by organizational aspects of the work environment. This author identified power and access to opportunities to learn and grow, as structural determinants affecting the behavior of the individual. This power is derived from the ability to mobilize information, support, and resources necessary for getting the job done. Access to these empowering structures is influenced by the degree of formal and informal power an employee has in the organization (Kanter,1993). Formal power evolves from having a defined job that affords flexibility, visibility and centrality to organizational purpose and goals whereas informal power is determined by the extent of employees networks and alliances with sponsors, peers, and subordinates within the organization. Access to these empowering structures has a positive impact on employees, resulting in increase in their job satisfaction, level of organizational commitment and feelings of autonomy. Consequently, employees are more productive and effective in meeting organizational goals (Dutcher and Adams, 1994 ; Laschinger et. al., 1999). Nurses autonomy or control over work was seriously limited by unequal power relationships with medical staff, which enhanced physician power and restricted the nurses freedom, and consequently hindered their empowerment (McParland et al., 2000). To achieve excellence in nursing requires empowered staff nurses in order to be effective in their roles, and to be more autonomous (Marquis and Huston, 2000). Nurses who perceive them to be empowered are more likely to enhance client care through more effective work practice. Thus by providing the sources of job-related empowerment and autonomy, work methods and outcomes could be improved (Kanter, 1993; Sabiston and Laschinger, 1995). EMPOWERMENT IMPROVES MOTIVATION Empowerment. Thomas and Velthouse (1990) define empowerment as personal power that flows from professional growth, which is correlated with job satisfaction. Klakovich (1995) further states that the empowerment of nursing staff may be the critical variable in achieving positive organizational outcomes while maintaining the caring values of the nursing profession Klakovich (1996) defines three dimensions of empowerment as reciprocity, synergy, and ownership. Empowerment is a reciprocal leader-follower relationship that advances and aligns strategies, both organizational and individual (Klakovich, 1995). The Reciprocal Empowerment Scale tool reports in three subscales: reciprocity and synergy sub-scales represent the interactive leader/follower process; the ownership subscale represents the outcomes . Reciprocity involves a leadership behavior pattern of sharing power, support and information. Empowerment Research has shown correlations between nursing leadership job satisfaction and e mpowerment (Laschinger et al., 2003; Mrayyan, 2004). In recent years, the idea of empowerment has become popular in the nursing literature (Kluska et al., 2000; Laschinger Finegan, 2005). The review of the literature reveals empowerment being used in various contexts; such as, mental health, chronic care, and health promotion (Dahlgaard Dahlgaard, (2003), Paterson(2001) . In these contexts, the concept of empowerment incorporates positive and respectful relationships through constant dialog (Ellefsen Hamilton, (2000) Prybil( 2003). Morrison, Jones, and Fuller (1997) performed a non-experimental descriptive study that explored the effects of leadership style and empowerment on nursing job satisfaction. The participants included various nursing personnel, such as nurse managers, nursing assistants, nursing clinical leaders, licensed practical nurses and staff nurses. The researchers examined how staff nurses perceived empowerment The researchers results in their variance analysis i ndicated a statistically significant difference in empowerment among different job classifications within the organization Empowerment accounted for more variance with job satisfaction for licensed personnel than for unlicensed personnel, as well as, for differing by type of satisfaction. The researchers findings indicate the importance of empowerment to staff nurse job satisfaction. They also show the contribution of empowerment to job motivation and how they vary by personnel. This study gives reason for performing this research study that examined the relationship of nurse empowerment and motivation Furthermore, studies have shown that Indian nurses had a moderate empowerment level and their actual work empowerment perception was significantly lower than their expectation (Huang, Lin, Hsu, Chen, Huang, 2003). The findings also showed that nurses had the lowest score on participation in decision making. Researchers pointed out that the nursing leaders tended to use authority and might only consult several members opinions for decision making. The opportunity for nurses to participate in decision making is limited. As such, frontline nurses might think decision making is the managers responsibility, not theirs (Mok Au-Yeung, 2002). Participation can be seen as the highest level of empowerment. Nurses level of participation in decision making (PDM) can be used as an important indicator of empowerment. In western health care system, it has been found that the area where nurses prefer to be involved in decision-making is more related to the context of nursing practice, such as nursing unit operation (Blegen et al., 1993). Yet, in Indian nurses PDM is still not well studied. The extent to which nurses prefer to be or are actually involved in decision making is still not clear. Laschinger and Finegan (2005) surveyed 273 medical, surgical and critical care nurses concluding that structural empowerment had a direct effect on organizational trust and respect, job motivation and commitment. An important addition to the understanding of empowerment in nursing education was another finding that empowerment increased motivation level of the nurses (Falk-Raphael, Chinn, Anderson, Laschinger, Rubotzky, 2004) Work empowerment has been linked to many other important organizational outcomes, such as job motivation, organizational commitment, lower levels of job stress and empowering leader behaviors (Spence-Laschinger, Tuer-Hodes, 2003). Hollinger-Smith and Ortigara (2004) stated that nurses perceptions of work empowerment are related to commitment to and trust in the organization, autonomy, participation in organizational decision-making, and job motivation. Increased autonomy and work motivation have been directly linked to nurse retention and increased patient satisfaction (Hollinger-Smith Ortigara, 2004). Empowering work environments can also influence nurses ability to practice in a professional manner, ensuring excellent patient care and positive organizational outcomes. Organizational changes have a direct effect on the work environment and may contribute to higher rates of demotivation, burnout and absenteeism among staff (Kuokkanen, Savikko Doran, 2007). Factors of empowerment c an also provide a way to measure the effects of organizational changes (Kuokkanen et al., 2007). To achieve excellence in nursing requires empowered staff nurses in order to be effective in their roles, and to be more autonomous (Marquis and Huston, 2000). Nurses who perceive them to be empowered are more likely to enhance patient care through more effective work practice. Thus by providing the sources of job-related empowerment and autonomy, work methods and outcomes could be improved (Kanter, 1993; Sabistonand Laschinger, 1995). In Sochalskis (2002) survey of nurse empowerment , it was found that 1 out of 3 staff nurse participants (manager and staff level) were dissatisfied and hence demotivated in their job. Increasing job satisfaction, as it positively correlates with empowerment and organizational commitment, is a strategy to help retain employees (Laschinger, Finegan, Shamian, Casier, 2000). As patient care becomes more technologically advanced and complex, (requiring greater experience on the part of nursing staff to perform the job correctly), workplace stability and a utonomy become invaluable in a hospital setting (Laschinger et al,2000.). Many researchers have concluded that building collaborative decision making teams will empower both nursing and managerial staff; which boosts morale and work performance (Cowin, 2002 Kluska et al., 2004). Ellefsen and Hamilton (2000) concluded that nurse empowerment encourages nurses in management positions to perform their duties efficiently and with confidence and competence. Research suggests when hospital leadership encourages subordinate empowerment; there is a direct link to increased subordinate job satisfaction and motivation (Laschinger, Finegan, Shamian, Wilk, 2001). Evidence has shown that empowered nurses shift their self-perceived role from that of a subordinate to collaborator; which encourages consensus building, improves job ownership, improves trust and the followers motivation, sense of responsibility and organizational commitment( Wagner ,2006 Watson, 2002). Empowerment not only increase s job motivation, but inspirational and visionary transformational leadership encourages the highest level of staff efficiency and productivity (Keuter, Byrne, Voell, Larson, 2000; Moss Rowles, 1997). Masi (2000) concluded that empowerment provides opportunities for choice and promotes autonomy, which allows subordinates to demonstrate their competencies. The espoused benefits of empowerment The supposed benefits of empowerment can be broadly divided into two areas: benefits for the organization; and benefits for the individual. Much of the empirical research into empowerment has focused on organizational benefits assuming that these are the driving force behind attempts to engender empowered working (Cunningham et al., 1996). Certainly the motivation for managerial adoption of empowerment is typically driven to help managers manage and improve work organization and job performance, not to primarily create an environment that is beneficial for the employee (Psoinos and Smithson, 2002). Global competition and a changing business environment have prompted organizational change in response to increased pressures to improve efficiency and performance (Lawler et al., 1992). It has been argued that organizations with higher levels of empowerment have demonstrated improvements in various economic performance areas (Applebaum et al., 1999). The economic benefits of empowerment s pecifically may be difficult to assess as often it is introduced as part of a broader initiative such as BPR and TQM (Psoinos and Smithson, 2002). Despite the espoused organisational benefits Argyris (1998) argues that empowerment has still not delivered the promised benefits, remaining a myth rather than reality. While it could be argued that the primary motive for empowerment is initially driven by the need to improve the economic performance of the organisation, benefits to the individual employee have also been identified. Nykodym et al. (1994) found that employees who consider themselves empowered have reduced conflict and ambiguity in their role, as they are able to control (to a certain extent) their own environment. They suggested that this reduces emotional strain on the employee. Similarly, it has been suggested that empowered employees have a greater sense of job satisfaction, motivation and organisational loyalty (Koberg et al., 1999, Spreitzer et al., 1997). Empowerment cannot only impact attitudes but it can also impact on performance, specifically employee productivity (Koberg et al., 1999) and employee effectiveness (Spreitzer et al., 1997). Overall the literature points to many potential benefits to both organisations and employees like if the workplace empowerment is successful, then it produces a win-win situation (Lashley, 1999). However, despite the strong support for empowerment in theory, in practice empowerment may exist in rhetoric only and control is the reality for employees (Sewell and Wilkinson, 1992). Although it may be considered that employee empowerment will improve organizational performance but it is possible that empowered employees are not necessarily more motivated or have higher levels of job satisfaction (Collins, 1999). Thus the benefits of empowerment should not be assumed to automatically occur nor should the rhetoric of empowerment be confused with the reality. Measurement of the employee benefits is very difficult t o achieve. Unlike organisational benefits which can be measured using objective facts, individual benefits are much more complex. Certain objective measures, such as absence and turnover rates have been applied in this context (Psoinos and Smithson, 2002). However, it is often considered that softer measures of employees attitudes may provide informative insights omitted by other more tangible measures (Psoinos and Smithson, 2002). FACTORS IMPORTANT FOR MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES One of the most perplexing healthcare retention issues is keeping newly licensed nurses from leaving after just a year or two of employment in the clinical setting (Zucker, Goss, Williams, Bloodworth, Lynn, Denker, et al., 2006). Kovner, Brewer, and Djukic (2007) presented evidence that 13% of newly licensed 1490 RNs had changed principal jobs after one year, and 37% reported that they felt ready to change jobs. Nurses leave the profession mainly because of low pay and poor job satisfaction (DiMeglio, Padula, Piatek, 2005)Hence pay and motivation at workplace are very important factors of retaining the staff. Therefore, nurse leaders are faced with two challenges: to recruit sufficiently qualified nurses and to establish rewarding work cultures that promote retention. Recruiting a younger generation of nursing staff members and meeting retention demands of cross-generational nurses will be a challenge like no other previously seen in healthcare (Cordinez, 2002). Newly licensed nurse s recruitment and retention into the workplace are fundamental strategies for ensuring that healthcare systems have the continued capacity to deliver patient care (Berliner Ginzberg, 2002). Understanding why newly licensed registered nurses choose to remain in nursing is an essential component of recruitment and retention strategies. Despite a recent four year trend of increasing nursing school enrollment and graduation of qualified nurses (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2005), the latest data on the shortage of RNs in the United States is estimated to reach about 500,000 by 2025 (Buerhas, Staiger, Auerbach, 2000.This study shows that nursing shortage is going to increase and hence motivating factors like pay,proper work environment and empowerment are necessary for retaining the experienced nurse staff. Hecker (2005) predicts that more than one million new and replacement nurses will be needed by the year 2014. The problem is that many of the newly licensed nurses w ill not remain in nursing and will choose to leave the profession within four years of graduation from a nursing program (Sochalski, 2002). In a study by Bowles and Candela (2005), 30% of newly licensed RNs left their first nursing position within one year of employment, and 57% left their first nursing position within two years of employment.This study further provides evidence that adds to the case study done by Kovner, Brewer, and Djukic (2007) which also adds to data and evidence that nurses are leaving their profession due to lack of empowerment and motivation in hospitals. The nursing shortage and the high incidence of turnover among newly licensed nurses within the first year of employment need to be investigated. It is well documented that nurses are leaving the profession because they are dissatisfied with current working conditions and not because they are disenchanted with the ideal of nursing, which originally attracted them to the profession (Lynn Redman, 2005; Strachota, Normandin, OBrien, Clary, Krukow, 2003). There is limited research that addresses newly licensed registered nurses career choices post-graduation. The future of nursing rests in the ability to recruit and retain upcoming generations to the profession.Currently, however, there is limited knowledge concerning what influences the decisions of newly licensed registered nurses to remain in nursing. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify factors that influence newly licensed registered nurses decision to remain in nursing. The shortage of people entering professional nursing, nurses dissatisfaction, and high turnover of newly licensed registered nurses are issues of concern. The national shortage in the nursing workforce highlights the critical importance of encouraging nurses to remain in practice. Evidence suggests that a shortage of nurses is detrimental not only to quality of patient care, but also to staff morale, which in turn affects staff retention (Wilson, 2006). The socialization and assimilation of newly licensed nurses into the healthcare system is a pivotal event that influences the retention of nurses (Aiken, Clarke, Sloane, Sochalaski, Silber, 2002). Professional socialization and work readiness are contributing factors to the retention of newly licensed registered nurses. The transition from student to new nurse is a vital period in several ways. It is the quality of this transitional experience that is likely to influence new nurse retention (Clare van Loon, 2003; Duchsch er, 2001; Ewens, 2003). Professional socialization, a potential buffer to the effects of reality shock, includes the acquisition of knowledge, skills, identity, occupational traits, values, norms, and self-concept (Mamchur Myrick, 2003). The process of professional socialization, from career choice to transition to enculturation to the practice setting is influenced by others, especially other nurses (Beck, 2000; Hinds Harley, 2001). It is this initial professional socialization of nurses that will determine the success or failure of retaining new nurses in the healthcare workplace. The increasing complexity of health services and the acuity of patient care create an expectation by the healthcare organization that the new nurse will hit the ground running (Cowin Hengstberger-Sims, 2006, p. 61). Furthermore, Cowin and Hengstberger-Sims believe the workplace expects newly licensed nurses to quickly fulfill their potential as knowledgeable workers, but the health organization remune rates newly licensed nurses at the lowest possible pay scale. These researchers asserted that incongruencies such as high level of stress related to responsibility and high workloads paired with minimum pay compound the effects of reality shock of nurses new to the field. The healthcare workplace demands work readiness from its newest nurses and the partnership of responsibility for work readiness between nursing education and the workplace can be described as precarious. The strategies of mentorship and preceptor ship have been embraced within many healthcare organizations as a means of increasing work readiness, decreasing the effects of reality shock and lessening the possibility of new nurse attrition (Greenwood, 2000). The period that separates a novice practitioner from an advanced beginner is one which requires support, guidance and constant supervision by experienced individuals to ensure newly licensed nurses develop competently and safely, b

Spider-Man Essay -- Movies, Film, Cinematography

The director of Spider-Man (Sam Raimi) has introduced the audience to a feeling of aspiration through a variety of different techniques and captures the viewer’s attention to the smallest details with great success and deliverance to become the character that is Peter Parker. One of the ways that make the audience aspire to be Spider-Man is the set. The idea of the director is to involve the viewer in the story; he does this by having a set that most people at home can relate to, as the family in Spider-Man have not got a lot of money and are an average group and a typical American family. The set that Sam designed for the various scenes in Spider-Man is realistic and makes the viewer believe they are real, although, in the wrestling scene, Sam managed to make this scene and the scenes leading up to it so realistic that the audience don’t think that they don’t have planned wrestling matches in America. Mise en scà ¨ne includes this and is one of the very useful techniques, and can have an overwhelming effect on the viewer, as everything that is on the screen at any one time is there for a reason, and has a meaning. It gives the viewer information on the surrounding area or people. For example, if the kitchen cupboards are meant to be white, but are a yellowy brown colour, this could mean that the person smokes a lot, or that they aren’t very clean. This is used to its full potential in Spider-Man as the director makes sure the viewer can understand everything about Peter, and give them an idea of what they are aspiring to be. Peters room is a typi cal sized, single bedroom, but in it there is things you wouldn’t think Spider-Man would have in his room. Like a computer and lots of factual books, but this helps create Spider-Mans... ...is children and people listening to all the music and taking part in the activities, but the audience hear an almost scary piece of music and his Spider senses, the viewer knows something is wrong and that he is going to have to save them. Contrapuntal is also used when you hear his spider senses every time, as there is normally something good happening at the time. For example, at the fete or fair, everyone is supposedly having a good time, although we can hear peters spidey senses going off, and we can see that the green goblin is bearing down onto the fair. This all shows that the reason for the viewer wanting to be spider-man is the fact that the director, Sam Raimi, has managed to bring together some of the greatest techniques and fine tune them into his own style, then apply them to this film, making the viewer really feel as if they can relate to spider-man.

Figurative Language in Night

The Holocaust made an impact on everybodys lives but Eli Wiesel has a one of a kind story. In the novel Night written by Eli Wiesel he shares to everybody about the hardships in concentration camps as a young boy. He describes some of the horrible events using fgurative language to clearly show his experiences in the Holocaust. Eli uses ‘night' to convey the horrors he witnessed around him when the prisoners are on the freezing cattle cars and also his first day in the camp.Eli uses figurative language to create a better image in your mind about what he is talking about. For example when the prisoners are on the cattle car during the freezing winter Eli mentions, â€Å"The night was growing longer, never ending† (98). Eli isn't Just saying that the nights are longer in time he is implying that the hardships he is going through are getting worse and longer. Everyone at times cannot express an event without using figurative language.For instance when Eli first arrives at t he concentration camp he sees things that he will never get out of his mind. â€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp that turned my life into one long night† (34). Here Eli is using â€Å"night† as all the hardships nd he states that his life is â€Å"one long night. † While all of the prisoners were treated like animals and forced to fit into cattle cars, Eli says â€Å"The days resembled nights and the nights left in our souls†(100).Eli is stating how the horrors everybody is experiencing are never ending and also never- ending in their souls. Throughout Eli's story he frequently uses ‘night' in his figurative language to create an image of what all of the prisoners went through. The Holocaust changed lives all across the world showing that people will do horrible things and it also shows how strong people really are.

The Incredible Life of Marilyn Monroe Essay Example

The Incredible Life of Marilyn Monroe Essay Example The Incredible Life of Marilyn Monroe Paper The Incredible Life of Marilyn Monroe Paper Essay Topic: Life Is Beautiful â€Å"I want to grow old without face-lifts†¦ I want to have the courage to be loyal to the face I have made. Sometimes I think it would be easier to avoid old age, to die young, but then you would never complete your whole life, would you? You would never wholly know yourself. † (Monroe) Although this statement didn’t come true, Marilyn Monroe had a memorable life filled with many ups and downs. Who would think that such a successful young woman had such an unstable life? On June 1, 1926 a baby girl was born to Gladys Mortensen at 9:30 a. m. in Los Angeles, California. No one is sure who her father is because her mother was with many men at the time she got pregnant, but believe it was either Martin Edward Mortensen or Charles Gifford. Her birth name was either Norma Jeane Baker or Norma Jeane Mortensen; know to us as Marilyn Monroe. She has two older half-siblings on her mothers side that she has never met. Almost immediately after giving birth, Gladys Mortensen brought Norma to live with Ida and Albert Bolender, who raised her until she was seven years old. It isn’t clear why Gladys had someone else raise her little girl, but being a single mother working in the Great Depression wasn’t easy. Others believe she simply didn’t have the interest or commitment to raise a child. In 1933, after Norma’s 7th birthday, her mother took her back from foster care and decided that she would try raising her on her own. They never had a stable place to live and Norma wasn’t used to the rowdiness and all the drinking in her new home. Several months later Gladys began to be very depressed and avoid all the people around her. She was unable to deal with her life and entered a rest home and then the hospital. The rest of Norma’s life would now be filled with chaos since she didn’t have anywhere to go besides foster homes. In 1935, when Norma was nine her mother was declared legally insane. Grace McKee, Gladys’ best friend; applied to be Norma’s legal guardian. While waiting for the court to appoint a new guardian, she was sent to live in the Los Angeles Orphans Home until she was eleven. In 1937, McKee and Ervin â€Å"Doc† Goddard married and became Norma’s guardian. After six months with â€Å"Aunt Grace† and family, she was sent to live with distant relatives in Compton. This was probably due to the speculations that Goddard may have attempted to molest her. At first I was waking up in the morning at the Goddards’ and thinking I was still at the orphanage. Then, before I could get used to them I was with another aunt and uncle, waking up and thinking I was still at the Goddards. † (Monroe 25) At age twelve she returned to Los Angeles and went to live with Grace (McKee) Goddard’s aunt, 58-year-old Ana Lower. â€Å"She was the first person in the world I ever really loved†¦She was the only one who loved and understood me. † (Monroe 26) At the end of her ninth grade Lower had developed health problems forcing Norma to go back and live with the Goddards. During her first year of high school, Doc Goddard was being transferred to West Virginia and the family was moving too. They decided it would be best to leave Norma, and since Aunt Ana’s health had improved she would move back in with her. She never returned to school after beginning the second semester. In 1941 Norma became good friends with Jim Dougherty, her neighbor. They decided to begin dating even though he was five years older. After being together for six months and Norma finally reaching the legal age to marry (sixteen in the state of California at that time), they wed on June 19, 1942. Our marriage may have been in some place short of heaven, like in the minds of two older ladies, but there was no pretense in how Norma Jeane and I felt about each other once we’d formed that partnership. † (Dougherty 28) She spent the first year of their marriage as a housewife, and then Jim joined the Merchant Marines so they moved to Catalina Island where he was statio ned. In 1944, Jim was sent to the South Pacific with the other Merchant Marines. With Jim gone she began to work at a manufacturer with Jim’s mother called the Radioplane Company. She worked in the â€Å"dope room† making twenty-dollars a week (the nations minimum wage). While working she was spotted by a photographer named David Convor who was taking pictures of women helping the war cause. He said that Marilyn was a â€Å"photographers dream. † Convor started sending her modeling jobs. Norma now had to choose between Jim and her career, she choose her career, causing them to get a divorce in 1946. She began to model in 1946 to earn some extra money. Norma had been modeling for seven years, and then decided to move to Hollywood to further pursue her career. Two years later she became a popular model with many magazines. Norma wanted to do something more with her career and enrolled in a drama class. She signed her first contract with Twentieth Century Fox on August 26, 1946 and decided to dye her hair blonde and changed her name to Marilyn Monroe. She was now making one hundred and twenty-five dollars a week. â€Å"She projected an enchanting contrariness on the screen; innocent one minute, naughty the next, and always desirable. † (Luce 32) In 1947 she played in her first movie, â€Å"The Shocking Miss Pilgrim†. She played tiny parts in movies until the 1950’s when she played a small but important role in â€Å"The Asphalt Jungle†. Her role in the movie â€Å"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes† brought her stardom in 1953. She then played in popular movies such as â€Å"All About Eve,† â€Å"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes,† â€Å"Don’t Bother to Knock,† â€Å"The Seventh Year Itch,† â€Å"Some Like it Hot,† and â€Å"How to Marry a Millionaire. † Her first actual lead role was in â€Å"Don’t Bother to Knock† Marilyn was in the first issue of Playboy, it sold 54,175 issues. This helped make her the premier sex symbol of the fifties. After dating famous baseball star Joe DiMaggio for two years, they married on January 14, 1954. While they were on their honeymoon in Tokyo, Japan she preformed for the troops. Her presence almost caused a riot because it was during the war. This whole event made Joe uncomfortable and they decided to divorce on October 27, 1954, after nine months. It’s said that they divorced because of a â€Å"conflict between careers. † They stayed close friends after their divorce. The â€Å"Seven Year Itch† was being shot in New York in 1955, thousands of fans gathered on a street corner at 2:00 a. m. to watch and cheer as they filmed and photographed the famous skirt blowing scene due to the air from a subway vent. Hundreds of professional photographers came to watch Marilyn pose. She continued to pose for more than two hours just for her fans to get a glimpse. She then moved from Hollywood to New York to pursue a serious acting career. In 1956 Marilyn started her own motion picture company. â€Å"Hollywood’s a place where they will pay you a thousand dollars for a kiss, and fifty cents for your soul. † (Monroe) In 1957 Monroe became pregnant by Arthur Miller and miscarries her baby and decided to take a break from acting. She then returned and started in â€Å"Some Like it Hot† and went on to win a Golden Globe award for her performance. She becomes pregnant by Miller in 1959 and miscarries again. Marilyn then married for the third time on June 29, 1956 to famous playwright Arthur Miller. In 1961, Arthur wrote a special part just for Marilyn in the film â€Å"The Misfits. † This would be Marilyn’s last movie. They then divorced on January 20, 1962. . â€Å"On-screen, she was usually happy and energetic; off-screen she was a complex, often unhappy young woman, obsessed with becoming a serious actress and uncomfortable with a public image that had become impossible to control. † (Unknown 36) During 1962 Marilyn met John F. Kennedy. A relationship began to grow between Marilyn and John F. Kennedy. Later that year, Marilyn moved to a new home in Brentwood. She choose this home to be closer to JFK and her doctor. Marilyn’s doctor was delivering therapy for her abuse of sleeping pills. Marilyn had overdosed on sleeping pills before and had to be revived. She also had her stomach pumped for drugs frequently over the past few years. â€Å"Sometimes [fame] makes you a little bit sad because you’d like to meet somebody kind of on face value. It’s nice to be included in people’s fantasies, but you also like to be accepted for your own sake. (Monroe 36) Bobby Kennedy started to gain an attraction to Marilyn but she had her heart set on John Kennedy. John would go and visit her at her house and they would see each other at the Lawfords. They were caught by one of Kennedy’s advisor making love in a bathroom. They also talked frequently on the phone. Marilyn has hoped that JFK would divor ce Jackie Kennedy. She had told her friends she imagined herself as the first lady. In April of 1962 Marilyn began to work on the movie â€Å"Something’s Got to Give. † Monroe was fired from this movie due to a production disaster and the movie was never finished. She then performed for John F. Kennedy’s birthday at Madison Square Garden. Marilyn had to be sown into the dress that she would wear that night when she sang to JFK. He thanked Marilyn for singing to him in such a â€Å"sweet and wholesome way. † During the summer of 1962 Marilyn was told to stop all contact and relationships with the Kennedy brothers. Marilyn was destroyed and her heart was shattered. She became extremely depressed and wanted to confess about her relationships with the brothers. The Kennedy’s paid her a million dollars to keep it a secret. Marilyn’s career was said to be at the highest ever and she was working on a number of new film products that were thought to be very successful. She was extremely excited about working on these. The weekend before her death she spent the weekend in Lake Tahoe with her second husband Joe DiMaggio. There was a rumor that they had planned to re-marry. Since the Kennedy brothers wanted to be sure Marilyn didn’t say anything to the press, they sent people to follow her and DiMaggio. The following weekend after Lake Tahoe with DiMaggio, she was found dead in her Brentwood house. She had over dosed on fifty Nembutal sleeping pills that her doctor had prescribed the day before. Marilyn committed suicide at 3:50 a. m. on August 5, 1962 at the age of 36. Many believe she was murdered because she knew too much, but no one has been able to prove this to be true. Marilyn Monroe was a beautiful and talented person, it’s a shame that her life came to end when she was so young and at such a high point in her career. â€Å"The curves, blonde hair, and enigmatic pout were part of Marilyn Monroe’s glamorous yet wistful appeal. Combined with her comedic talent in such films as â€Å"Some Like it Hot,† they made her an American legend. † (Unknown 36) She is now the most written about film star in history and it’s obvious why. Monroe, Marilyn. â€Å"Icons of an Era: Unforgettable People. † The American Dream. Alexandria: Time-Life Books, 1998: 36 Unknown. â€Å"Icons of an Era: Unforgettable People. † The American Dream. Alexandria: Time-Life Books, 1998: 36 Monroe, Marilyn. Marilyn Monroe. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1995. Luce, Henry R. â€Å"Marilyn Monroe. † This Fabulous Century 1950-1960. New York: Hornfischer Literary Management: 1970.

Tom Brennan notes Essay Example

Tom Brennan notes Essay Example Tom Brennan notes Essay Tom Brennan notes Essay Toms letter- sentences- maybe you could go to a councilor or talk to someone outside of the family to help you cope Its not your fault mum, you did nothing wrong to cause this I feel Like kylie is punching me away, the whole family changed. We are all here when the time comes, when you are ready to start again. I miss the way our family was before the accident. I am making friends with the guys on the football team, they are a nice bunch of blokes. You are missing out on so much of my life and it hurts that you dont care. Chapter 4 His legs had wasted to long pieces of bone wrapped in shiny skin. (p. 61) If I was Fin- Maybe Itll come back, first my toes then my legs. What if it doesnt though? Daniel didnt know what he was doing, but he still conscious and hes the only one I can blame. I dont think I can forgive him. What am I going to do with my life now? I cant play footy, cricket, swim, and even write. Ive got future of endless misery for trying to help my mate. Why me? Chapter 5- Tom Is really upset by Daniels behavior towards him at the beach. Write his diary entry for that day. The silence. The darkness. Vive seen it before, the night of the crash. I saw the anger in his eyes. Man sometimes Daniel annoys me It haunts my memories even today The moment I saw him my heart sunk Memories that make me hurt make me want to cry We were able to have able of a Joke and a laughs together, but It wants the same It never will be. Im always In danger when Im with Daniel. Daniel would be so but better without his temper. Daniel likes his privacy, I shouldnt have told Brendan. He always takes his anger out on me He kept me under the water for ages. I thought I was going to die. Chapter 6- Activity: Discuss whether Kylies reaction to her situation is the way most teenagers would 0 respond. Discuss how the class would have dealt with Tees. Could Tom have done anything Tot help her? Activity 1- All Individuals react In a different way, there Is no average way to respond to hidden away; others block it out and move on. In her situation where she meets new friends and Just tries to start a new life to fit in and forget I think its a healthier way to respond even though the rebellious attitude she has adopted is impacting on her and others negatively she is at least confronting it. Activity 2- In this situation Tom could have tried to help and become more understanding but he himself is trying to find a way to deal with his emotions and past. Chapter 7- Activities: You are a psychologist who has been assigned to help Tees in the days following The accident. Write the report you would make on her emotional state. Discuss Tallboys recommendations should Daniel have pleaded guilty or not Guilty? Activity 1- Tees has seen the stages of denial, remorse, sadness and uncertainty. Her progress has been negative as she tries to get a grasp on what has happened and how the community is responding as days before the accident her family was respected and liked. Now they face the families and friends of the 2 children her son had killed. Activity 2- Considering the statements that the witnesses made the options for denials plead were restricted. To face the court and have an honest testament the court would see his remorse and character before his actions maybe giving him a better option for his future. If he pleads not guilty and the evidence is against him the sentence will be much larger, the families inflicted will be angrier and the character of Daniel will be compromised. Chapter 8- In small groups, compare Tom how is emotionally at this stage with how he was at the beginning of the story. Is there any change? At the beginning of the story he was cared and confused as he was pushing his car out the driveway to escape the gaze of the neighbors. This is slightly contrasted with his more developed character by chapter 8 where he starts to put things together and realize why everything happened. He is still emotionally unstable because of the event and what had happened to him, his family and the community but his understanding and progression of the realization of it seems to be developing through the next few chapters. He now takes control, gets along with life, accepting yet still hiding and burying it below his new life. Gets back into footy ND running, his old life. JOURNEY INTO THE WORLD) My short Journey to next year. At this stage in my life with study, work, social life, hobbies, adulthood and other interests its hard to hold it all on one plate, to balance the workload and find the priorities. The Journey mainly involves study up until the end of the HAS hopefully, if I can find a routine and beyond that its all about work, friends, alcohol and parties. Len- between those I should be looking into my future as fair as nun and career goes but at the moment my main concerns are on going well in school but not forgetting the things that make me happy. Although all these things are most important for my study, work, school and sleep. To still have a sense of adventure in-between all the hassles of senior life. Chapter 9 the legend of the Brenna Brothers In the last 2 years these two remarkable brothers have almost carried their footy team towards the win. Along with the help of their teammates and rivals to motivate them they have blown away the competition with their brotherly instinct out on the field. They say the strongest bond is love, but there is one stronger than Just love, love and brotherhood. In the recent season that has Just passed the two have said heir intention for the next season, to make it a trisects, no team has done it before and I have, their family has and the community has high expectations for their future. Chapter II- 6 lines on reasonable assumption It wasnt a reasonable assumption by tom but because of his state of mind in the time this line was said its understandable. He didnt take into account the opinions and perspectives of the people in the town and his familys view of how they should react. It was more of an emotional response than a conscious one, making the reaction usually more heated and unstable. Lines on a discussion of dawns future. For Daniel I believe his future is looking to be that of progressive. From the news of his condition in goal and how he is helping other inmates he is already on the way to his new life outside of goal. I believe that his journey will have foundations around his family and final maintenance by the people he posit ions himself around. Chapter 12 6 lines to say I dont think it is fair for the whole family to be blamed for Daniels actions but that is the reality with their circumstance in their community. I think from what has been stated up to this point that the blame shouldnt go towards the whole family. That is what one persons downfall. Although I think it shouldnt be shared by the family its almost better that way so we can see the development and reaction of each individual character. Chapter 13 Kylie speech Good morning my fellow Chill classmates. Today I am going to talk to you about a very serious Chapter 14 Journal entries. (3) Journal entry 1- Going out for dinner, I thought itll be a change from eating hard boiled meatloaf all joining us though. Crisis, the goddess who walked among us. I was so nervous. The start of the night went salamander, I was interrupted naked and burnt as I was herring, but in a way it was good. The rest of the night went well, Just Jokes and laughs. Id forgotten all about my nervousness of the glistening beauty of Crisis and it Just seemed like it was a normal dinner with mates. It was an amazing night, seemed like old times, Entry 2- Heading off to the footy camp I had very low expectations for the resulting week but it didnt mean we couldnt have a bit of a social thing. These boys couldnt catch a cold but it started out to be a lot of fun. I tried teaching them a few moves that Daniel and I use to do, killer tactics they were but it didnt work out. I was beginning to get bait upset because from the years past footy camps were all about learning new things, refining our skills and fitness. This excuse for a gathering was mostly the opposite. My attitude must have been showing because dad pulled me over and started to have a word. Entry 3- After dad had a very meaning full conversation, he almost had a tear in his eye. For the next 4 days I worked those boys through all the training runs Dan and I use to do, teaching them new tricks and refining their skills as much as I could. After the conversation dad made me realize that the game wasnt all about winning and eating the shield but doing it as a team and enjoying it. Tom b- 1st person flash backs non- chromo accident obstacles- mother, kylie sport/girlfriend transition change, obstacles, transformation, responsibility, choice, identity. ROT- the kings of summer Tommy B Chapter 16- He was on a self-destruct mission. (p. 229) In a class discussion students could share ideas on this topic. Do they believe that Daniels parents should have been also charged for taking a passive resistance towards his behavior? What could have been done to help Daniel prior to the accident? Are liquor laws the same for underage drinking in all countries? What influence do friends have when someone is going off the rails? Question 1- no I dont. They were having a hard ti me controlling their sons behavior like many parents do around the same age as Dan. It is completely understandable and excusable. Question 2 taken a deep breath, and thought about what has happened. Maybe taken a walk to relax and sweat the alcohol out, sober up. Question 3 no, some countries take it very seriously having harsh penalties such as probation and steep fines. Australia is quite relaxed about the matter and consider it within our culture I believe. Although this is my opinion there are still Judges and officers that take it very seriously and go beyond the laws to teach the offended a lesson. Question 4 depends what sort of attitude and frame of mind they are in. If they are negotiable and sociable friends can have a very big influence. Calming them down or sometimes heating the situation. But while they are totally negotiable friends advice can be easily deflected. Chapter 17- The siren rang for full-time, the score still 9-7 but you wouldve thought we were the winners. (p. 251) Activity 1 Students are to write a sporting column for a local newspaper describing the match. Vive got to ring him. (p. 253) Activity 2:0 What would Tom have said to Matt? Working in pairs, write a script of this phone call. Activity 1- One of the most intimidated matches for the season Chapter 18- l think Ill call you Harvey, she crooned. Because Saint Harvey was famous for his miracles.

Civil Litigation Course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Civil Litigation Course work - Essay Example Scott was driving on. He rammed into Mr. Scott’s vehicle on the passenger’s side. According to the police reports, Mr. Marshall was not wearing a helmet as per the traffic regulations. Mr. Scott on the other hand though drunk, his status was not beyond the legal alcohol limit. However, he was charged and found guilty of a traffic offence as he was talking over the phone while driving contrary to section 3 of the Road Traffic Act. Mr. Marshall sued Mr. Scott for the injuries sustained. The aim of this report to is determine if Mr. Scott is liable to pay damages to Mr. Marshall and what possible defenses he could actually rely on to escape liability. 3 Issues and Law 3 The first issue that arises in this case is the need to determine whether Mr. Scott is guilty of careless driving under section 3 of the Road Traffic Act and if this would necessarily prejudice his civil liability. In this regard, the proceedings under Road Traffic Act do not prejudice his civil case. Accor ding to Keenan (2011, p. 53), the outcome of a criminal action does not affect the outcome of civil case. The next issue in this case is the issue of liability. The question is whether Mr. Scott was liable to pay any damages to Mr. Marshall for the injuries sustained. Sustaining injuries in an accident does not give one an automatic right to recover damages. The question to be determined is which party was liable for the accident. One party may be fully liable or both parties might be liable meaning that each party is partially liable. The person claiming damages for personal injury after a motor vehicle accident has to prove that the other party was negligent. This means that Mr. Marshall has to prove beyond reasonable doubt that whatever damage that resulted from the accident was wholly or partially the fault of Mr. Scott. 4 In this case, one of the initial things to be determined is whether Scott was negligent. Under the law of torts, Howarth (2006, p. 147) indicates that a perso n is negligent when he or she is in breach of the legal duty of care that brings damage to the claimant. Negligence as per Alderson B in the case of Blyth v Birmingham Water Works constitutes omission by a reasonable person who guided by ordinary consideration fails to do something and as a result causes injury to another person. The same principle of the tort of negligence applies to the motor vehicle accident. Liability in this respect is determined on the basis of the negligent party. Under the law of torts, there are three requirements that need to be fulfilled. The first requirement that needs to be fulfilled for a claim to succeed is that the party claiming negligence needs to establish a duty of care (Smith, 1983, p. 44). 4 In light of the case, Marshall needs to establish that Scott owed him a duty of care. As a general rule, any one driving on a public road has a duty to the public and where one chooses to drive, they should be able to control the motor vehicle so that it d oes not harm other people. In the instant case, Mr. Scott by virtue of driving on a public road had a duty to control it to ensure that any person on the same road was not hurt. Even if it was the fault of the other party Mr. Scott should have taken all the reasonable measure to control the happening of the accident. This is to his disadvantage. However the other party too being a public road user is burdened with the same duty of care to ensure that he controls the motor

Acquisition Strategy Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Acquisition Strategy - Term Paper Example Each strategy forms a multidimensional construct, and any decision one dimension should account for decisions made in other dimensions. The implications of each dimension should be considered in other dimensions. The entry strategy should be considered a package of strategic decisions, and the design of entry strategy should consider location, timing, entry mode, human resources, marketing, logistics and other aspects of business. Acquisitions are large projects that serve to strengthen an investor’s market position. While implementing an acquisitions strategy the following steps are followed: market position to be attained is envisaged; one or more target firms are identified that could help attain the position; ways to acquire control over the sought resources at acceptable costs are determined; and a strategy is implemented over a period of several years to readjust to changes in the environment. The acquisitions strategy has been illustrated in the figure A-1. It includes decisions based on corporate strategy and the local environment. Specific areas of decisions include location; logistics; entry mode; HRM; timing; and marketing. Ingenico, a leading provider of POS terminals, acquired Easycash for a value of â‚ ¬290 million. Easycash (2010) offers customised card-based payment and loyalty solutions for customers, which include some of the leading German retailers. Easycash expanded its services with investment from Warbug Pincus with services to more than 82,000 merchant customers. The market position was strengthened through a combination of organic growth initiatives, and acquisitions including Experian Loyalty Solutions and Siemens card payment services. Easycash’s transaction volumes increased from 670 million to more than 1 billion in 2006, with values exceeding â‚ ¬55 billion. The number of employees increased from 190 to 350. The backing of Ingenico allowed the business to continue its expansion